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| 1. | epiglottis | Nearby the vocal cords, juts out slightly into pharynx. Cartilage membrane. (Glottal sounds.) | |
| 2. | pharynx | Throat. Was elongated by the descending of the larynx. | |
| 3. | alveolar ridge | Bump right behind top teeth. Can cause sounds by tongue touching it, or behind it. (Alveolar or postalveolar.) | |
| 4. | crockus | Supposedly 4x larger in females than in males, explaining why females grasp the details while males understand the entire picture. Completely made up? | |
| 5. | vocal cords | Can buzz by Bernoulli forces, causing voiced/voiceless. | |
| 6. | trachea/esophagus | Two tubes: one for breathing and the other for eating. | |
| 7. | corpus callosum | Neural fibers that connect two hemispheres of the cortex.
Supposedly larger (when adjusted for size) in females. Also more "bulbous" in females, and more stretching out in males. | |
| 8. | larynx | Voice box. Houses the vocal cords. Became lower and larger in evolution. | |
| 9. | Broca's Region | - Helps create a variety of sounds in the (now) elongated mouth. - Broca's aphasia can't speak fluently, mixed morphemes. (But comprehension is good!) | |
| 10. | Wernicke's Region | - Understanding of language. Can now understand more sounds. | |
| 11. | soft palate/velum | Back of throat, guards opening to nasal cavity. Causes velar sounds. |