Flashcards

Display: Term First - Answer First

1.	Panini	- Indian grammarian who wrote 4000+ grammar rules for Sumerian, to understand Vedas and religious scripts - Wrote to help preserve Hindu canon - "Elite" form of language
2.	Frege	- Sense vs. reference - FORMAL SEMANTICS - Logician: came up with recursive compositionality, quantification logic (for things like "all") - Worked a lot with Russell
3.	Chomsky	- Developed formal language theory. - Reasoned about problems in natural language learning. - FORMAL SEMANTICS - study w/o reference to use.
4.	Freud	Write "Psychopathology of Everyday Life," on substitutions of works in speech or writing. Said that "slips" from from repressed, unconscious desires.
5.	Saussure	- Helped develop semiotics. - Distinguished between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. - Predicted the existence of laryngeals in indoproto european
6.	Russell	- FORMAL SEMANTICS - Logician with Frege; quantificational logic. Math can apply to grammar. - Recursive compositionality.
7.	Deborah Tannen	Wrote "You just don't understand" about the two cultures theory. Expressed into movie: woman tells boyfriend she is thirsty. Gets angry at the glass of water for him treating her words as a "request to solve the problem" instead of "expressing sympathy."
8.	Churchyard	Documented faux pas's in writing (singular their); said it was okay because it had begun with English in its roots. (Not wrong!)
9.	Antonin Scalia	Disagreed with O'Connor: said that the gun didn't count as being used, because the intent of the law maker was to refer to use as in the gun's intended use. How a word CAN be used versus how it is ordinarily used. Disagreed w/ Marshall. Falsely refers to the manner of making, not the thing itself. (e.g. inexpensively-made painting versus cheap painting). Says synonyms there to collectively describe forgery in general.
10.	Rudyard Kipling	Women should have no part in politics because she is unable to confer without fighting. "The female of the species"
11.	Melville Bell	- Created "Visible Speech" which would be a basis for current IPA - Used it for speech teaching.
12.	Strawson	- Wrote Logico-Linguistic Papers - Brought up concept of semantics dichotomy: formal semantics or communication-intentionalists?
13.	Pinker	Thought singular their was bad: an acceptable mistake that happens, but wrong nevertheless.
14.	George Bernard Shaw	- wrote Pygmalion - Saw class differences as "superficial and modifiable," not essential - believed they did not distinguish one as a class, and could "rise above" it
15.	Grice	- COMM-INTENT - wrote "Logic and Conversation" - Came up with 4 maxims of the cooperative principle (relevancy, etc.)
16.	Pierce	Helped develope semiotics.
17.	Sandra Day O'Connor	Said that using a machine gun as barter counts as "using it" and the defendant gets the higher sentence. Disagreed w/ Marshall.
18.	Wittgenstein	- early: FORMAL SEMANTICS - Then completely failed to logic/philosophize the map between words and objects/thoughts - Became a garderner - late: COMMUNICATION-INTENTIONALIST - "Etymology is destiny" - Language games.
19.	Thurgood Marshall	Thought that the car title washing case was NOT ambiguous. Falsely made includes documents which contain falsified information. Because "falsely made" appeared with other words, it must mean this, otherwise the writers wouldn't have included so many synonyms (Grice - maxim of quantity).
20.	Austin	- COMM-INTENT - Wrote "How to do things with words" about speech acts - "Fact is richer than diction"