Flashcards

Display: Term First - Answer First

1.	metonymy	Using a term to convey its associations. Metaphor - The ship plowed through the sea. Metonymy - The sails crossed the ocean. "The law" for policeman. (Example is also synecdoche because sails are a part of a ship.)
2.	synecdoche	A type of metonymy. Also expresses associations, but specifically references a part of the whole thing, or a larger class of the whole thing. (Broader or narrower term.)
3.	connotation versus denotation	Connotation: emotions, suggestive meaning of a word. Denotation: points to a real life something, literal meaning. Sometimes they become the same (trivial) over time. NOT THE SAME AS SENSE AND REFERENCE.
4.	homonymy	Words that accidentally pronounced the same. Too/two None/nun
5.	metaphor	Extend meaning by comparison or analogy.
6.	syntagmatic	How lexemes relate to the syntax (whole sentence). The letters in a word have syntagmic relationship with one another, as do the words in a sentence or the objects in a picture.
7.	incompatibility	Mutual exclusiveness. Sort of like antonyms? Red/green -> both with in a big category, but aren't the same.
8.	lexeme	Walk, walks, walked. A lexicon is the vocabulary of all lexemes.
9.	semantics versus pragmatics	SEMANTICS: meaning of morphemes, words, phrases and sentences (alone). Analysis of meaning would include PRAGMATICS.
10.	Hyponymy	Inclusion of meaning. Scarlet, crimson are hyponyms of red. Cat is a hyponym of animal.
11.	compositional semantics	Put together meaning of complex phrases by merging together classes red/cow/all/eat/grass. * Assumes lexical semantics = already known.
12.	sense vs. reference	Coined by Frege: SENSE What it actually means. REFERENCE Real life object it refers to. John, Mary's husband Morning star, evening star.
13.	antonymy	Opposite meaning. high != low
14.	polysemy	A word that has multiple meanings. Bright = not dark, or smart.
15.	synonymy	Same meaning. pavement = sidewalk
16.	lexical semantics	Refers to the meaning of lexeme by itself. Compare to compositional semantics.
17.	paradigmatic	How words can substitute for one another in a sentence (meaningwise). Items on a menu have paradigmatic relationship when they are in the same group (starters, main course, sweet) as a choice is made. Individual letters have a paradigmatic relationship with other letters, as where one letter is used, another may replace it